胡尖山地区长4+5层油气富集控制因素研究

胡尖山地区长4+5油层组储层非均质性强、物性差异较大,开展该区储层地质特征研究,尤其是针对胡尖山地区长4+5油层组的构造形态、储层特征、孔隙类型、油藏类型的研究,分析原油的分布特征,总结原油富集区的聚集特征、重点分析分布特征及控制因素,得到胡尖山地区长4+5层油气富集的规律,可加深对优质储层形成机理和分布规律的认识,为油藏勘探开发提供有利的方向。     

A dual-porosity dual-permeability model for acid gas injection process evaluation in hydrogen-carbonate reservoirs

The Pre-Caspian basin is one of the most prolific in terms of oil and gas exploration and hydrogen and carbon compounds energy production around the world. The major hydrogen and carbon compounds reservoirs are Carboniferous reef and platform hydrogen-carbonate rocks. The original fluids under subsurface conditions contain 15% hydrogen sulfide and 4% carbon dioxide. Acid hydrogen and carbon compounds reinjection is not only an environmentally friendly solution for disposal of produced greenhouse gases but also enhances oil recovery and supplies more fuel energy. On the other hand, the presence of fractures makes hydrogen-carbonate reservoir characteristics nature more complicated than conventional sandstone reservoirs, which leads to a tremendous challenge to evaluate the gas injection process. In this work, a dual-porosity dual-permeability formulation was used to model the dual-medium nature incorporating matrix system with high porosity and low permeability and fracture network with low porosity and high permeability. After matching PVT experiments, a ten pseudo-components fluid model was generated for running compositional simulation. The miscible hydrogen and carbon compounds injection was simulated as an effective enhanced oil recovery approach. Sensitivity analysis such as timing of injection gas, injection rate, well spacing and completion interval have proposed the optimal condition for the miscible hydrogen and carbon compounds flooding. The recommended optimum hydrogen and carbon compounds injection scenario is twice higher oil recovery compared with natural depletion. The results of this study illustrate further the practicability of pseudo-components splitting and lumping for compositional simulation to evaluate the performance of hydrogen and carbon compounds injection processes, and are of great importance using the dual-porosity dual-permeability method performing numerical simulation of naturally fractured hydrogen-carbonate reservoirs.     

淮河入江水道行洪能力分析

入江水道是淮河下游最大的泄洪河道,承担着淮河上中游70%以上的洪水泄入长江。根据1961—2018年大洪水期间的实测资料,利用水位流量法计算分析入江水道的泄洪能力和防洪能力。结果表明:因历史客观条件限制以及4个梯级控制河段整治的难度与复杂性,在不同时期各控制河段的行洪能力呈现各自不同的特点;经过多年持续有效治理,河道行洪能力整体得到提高;由近年来实测资料推算,各控制河段的行洪能力基本达到设计要求。对入江水道行洪能力的分析为淮河下游区的防汛抗洪和降低特大洪水威胁提供借鉴和参考,对区域经济社会又好又快发展具有现实意义。     

Update on the Roles of Rice MAPK Cascades

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have been validated playing critical roles in diverse aspects of plant biology, from growth and developmental regulation, biotic and abiotic stress responses, to phytohormone signal transduction or responses. A classical MAPK cascade consists of a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK), a MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and a MAPK. From the 75 MAPKKKs, eight MAPKKs, and 15 MAPKs of rice, a number of them have been functionally deciphered. Here, we update recent advances in knowledge of the roles of rice MAPK cascades, including their components and complicated action modes, their diversified functions controlling rice growth and developmental responses, coordinating resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, and conducting phytohormone signal transduction. Moreover, we summarize several complete MAPK cascades that harbor OsMAPKKK-OsMAPKK-OsMAPK, their interaction with different upstream components and their phosphorylation of diverse downstream substrates to fulfill their multiple roles. Furthermore, we state a comparison of networks of rice MAPK cascades from signal transduction crosstalk to the precise selection of downstream substrates. Additionally, we discuss putative concerns for elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms and molecular functions of rice MAPK cascades in the future.     

IGCT在矿井提升机斩波串级调速系统中的应用

将斩波串级调速方案应用于改造绕线式异步电机的矿井提升机电控系统,不仅克服了有级调速的缺点,而且采用闭环控制,使调速性能大大改善,逆变器的容量大为减小,大大改善电机拖动系统的功率因数。     

顺序控制的矿井直流提升机谐波电流分析

双桥串联顺序控制的晶闸管变流器给电网带来不容忽视的谐波危害.通过实际测试和理论分析,阐述了这种变流器工作在不同触发角下,网侧的输入电流、基波电流、谐波电流、谐波总畸变率Di变化的规律,得出两桥变流器的触发角相差30°时与同步控制相比,谐波增加近一倍的重要结论,并针对矿井直流提升机的运行工况提出了减小谐波的控制策略.     

Water quality and diatom communities in two catalan rivers (N.E. Spain)

Benthic diatom assemblages have been used to evaluate the water quality of two rivers subjected to marked human influences. These rivers, the Llobregat and the Ter, are located in N.E. Spain, and supply water for industrial, agricultural and urban requirements of roughly three million people. The diatom communities in the headwaters are similar in both rivers (Achnanthes minutissima, Cymbella ventricosa, Gomphonema anguslatum). Species of Navicula, Nitzschia and Gomphonema develop in the middle reaches of both rivers when not disrupted by extraneous factors. In the river Ter significant pollution modifies this community and Nitzschia palea, Nitzschia gandersheimiensis and Gomphonema parvulum appear as the most tolerant species. In the Llobregat, the pollution from the salt mine operations also modifies the diatom assemblage and Nitzschia frustulum, Surirella ovata, Navicula atomus are the most abundant species. Reservoirs in the river Ter improve the quality of water and a community of Fragilaria sp. pl. becomes dominant downstream.     

串级控制在加氯系统中的应用

分析了人工加氯系统的不足,通过估计流量实现了比值控制;介绍了串级控制结构,建立了过程模型.实际应用结果表明,出厂水余氯稳定,氯耗降低.     

剖析配电系统中低压断路器的级联问题

阐述了低压配电系统设计中,为保证上下级低压断路器保护动作的选择性方面应考虑的因素,以及对实现选择性方法,使保障配电系统达到了安全运行的要求。     

Airborne microbiological characteristics in public buildings of Korea

Characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi were surveyed in the public buildings regulated in Korea, with the six-stage cascade impactor. The total concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi were averaged to 404 and 382 cfu m⁻³ in hospital, 931 and 536 cfu m⁻³ in kindergarten, 294 and 334 cfu m⁻³ in elderly welfare facility, and 586 and 371 cfu m⁻³ in postpartum nurse center. Mean respirable concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi were 194 and 292 cfu m⁻³ in hospital, 358 and 347 cfu m⁻³ in kindergarten, 134 and 266 cfu m⁻³ in elderly welfare facility, and 254 and 289 cfu m⁻³ in postpartum nurse center, respectively. Based on this results, total and respirable concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi were significantly highest in kindergarten and lowest in elderly welfare facility (p<0.05$p<0.05$). The ratios of indoor and outdoor concentration for airborne bacteria and fungi were below 1.0 in all the investigated public buildings regardless of size distribution. The dominant genera identified in the public buildings were Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Bacillus spp., for airborne bacteria and Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., and Aspergillus spp., for airborne fungi, respectively. Size distributions of airborne bacteria and fungi in terms of the dominant genera were not observed consistently except for Staphylococcus spp., which was detected mainly on the first stage (>7.0 μm) and second stage(4.7–7.0 μm), and Penicillium spp., and Cladosporium spp., showing the highest collection rate at stage 3 (3.3–4.7 μm) regardless of the kind of the public buildings.